A practical comparison of NVIDIA RTX 3000, 4000, and 5000 series alongside the latest AMD RDNA 4 and Intel Arc cards. Covers pricing, specifications, and concrete recommendations for workloads ranging from simple motion detection to enterprise-scale large language model inference.
GPU selection for local AI inference is largely a question of how much video memory (VRAM) you need, followed by how fast that memory is. Raw compute cores matter far less than they do for gaming. A card with 24GB and moderate core count will outperform a faster card with 8GB for any workload that exceeds the smaller card's memory ceiling. The hierarchy is: VRAM first, then bandwidth, then compute.
NVIDIA remains the dominant choice due to its CUDA ecosystem, which powers virtually every major AI tool from Ollama to ComfyUI to PyTorch. AMD's ROCm platform has improved substantially with RDNA 4 and now offers a viable alternative for most inference tasks. Intel Arc provides outstanding VRAM-per-pound value and is well-suited to edge inference and developer tooling via OpenVINO, though its community support lags behind NVIDIA.
Identify the scenario that best matches your primary use, then use the budget, balanced, and performance picks as your shortlist. Prices are indicative UK retail; check current listings before purchasing.
Security cameras, access control, edge CV
AI coding assistants, occasional local model testing
Running 7B–34B coding LLMs locally as primary AI assistant
ComfyUI, Automatic1111, SDXL, Flux.1 Schnell
Flux.1 Dev native, video generation, multi-model pipelines
30B–70B parameter models, RAG, embedding at scale
Across all scenarios and budgets, these are the cards that represent the most defensible choices. Every other card in the spec table either costs more for similar results, or serves a narrower use case.
The sections below cover the technical detail behind the recommendations: how to read GPU specs for AI inference, the full comparison table, AI framework ecosystem maturity, and a visual pricing analysis.
GPU memory (VRAM) is the hard ceiling for AI inference. When a model's weights exceed available VRAM, the workload must spill to system RAM, reducing performance dramatically, or simply fail to load. Knowing the VRAM tier you need is the single most important step in GPU selection.
Once the model fits in VRAM, inference speed is primarily determined by memory bandwidth: how fast the GPU can move weights from VRAM to compute cores. This is measured in gigabytes per second (GB/s). For LLM inference specifically, token generation is almost entirely memory-bandwidth bound; adding CUDA cores does not help if the bus is the bottleneck.
This explains the performance gap between the RTX 4060 Ti 16GB (288 GB/s) and the RTX 4070 Super 12GB (504 GB/s). Despite having more VRAM, the 4060 Ti generates tokens roughly 40–50% slower in typical LLM workloads. For image generation, bandwidth matters less because diffusion steps are more compute-intensive; here the VRAM advantage of the 4060 Ti becomes relevant.
AI inference is a sustained workload, not a burst load. Unlike gaming, where GPU usage fluctuates, running an LLM or diffusion model sustains near-maximum power draw for the duration of the inference task. This means TDP (thermal design power) directly determines electricity cost and cooling requirements.
A RTX 4090 running at 450W sustained for 8 hours per day consumes approximately 3.6 kWh daily. At UK electricity rates of around 24p per kWh, this is approximately 86p per day or around £315 per year, before any other system components. The RTX 5090 at 575W raises this further. Cards in the 165–250W range (RTX 4060 Ti, RTX 4070 Super, RTX 5070) are substantially cheaper to run.
Ensure your PC case provides adequate airflow for sustained inference loads. Many coolers rated for gaming loads underperform when GPU utilisation remains at 100% for extended periods.
Specifications are as published by the respective manufacturers. UK pricing is indicative and based on observed street prices through mid-2025; current retail prices may differ. Always verify before purchasing. Cards highlighted with a warning on VRAM carry real-world limitations for typical AI workloads.
| GPU | VRAM | Bandwidth | CUDA Cores | Tensor Gen | TDP | ~UK Price | AI Suitability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RTX 3060 12GB | 12 GB GDDR6 | 360 GB/s | 3,584 | 3rd Gen | 170W | ~£220 | Good value CUDA entry |
| RTX 3070 8GB | 8 GB GDDR6 | 448 GB/s | 5,888 | 3rd Gen | 220W | ~£230 | VRAM limits modern use |
| RTX 3080 10GB | 10 GB GDDR6X | 760 GB/s | 8,704 | 3rd Gen | 320W | ~£330 | Fast but tight VRAM |
| RTX 3090 24GB | 24 GB GDDR6X | 936 GB/s | 10,496 | 3rd Gen | 350W | ~£580 | Excellent used-market value |
| GPU | VRAM | Bandwidth | CUDA Cores | Tensor Gen | TDP | ~UK Price | AI Suitability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RTX 4060 8GB | 8 GB GDDR6 | 272 GB/s | 3,072 | 4th Gen | 115W | ~£250 | Constrained; dev tooling only |
| RTX 4060 Ti 16GB | 16 GB GDDR6 | 288 GB/s | 4,352 | 4th Gen | 165W | ~£400 | Good VRAM; slow inference bus |
| RTX 4070 Super 12GB | 12 GB GDDR6X | 504 GB/s | 7,168 | 4th Gen | 220W | ~£510 | Best mid-range balanced |
| RTX 4070 Ti Super 16GB | 16 GB GDDR6X | 672 GB/s | 8,448 | 4th Gen | 285W | ~£720 | Excellent; top mainstream pick |
| RTX 4080 Super 16GB | 16 GB GDDR6X | 736 GB/s | 10,240 | 4th Gen | 320W | ~£930 | Strong; limited VRAM edge vs 4070 TiS |
| RTX 4090 24GB | 24 GB GDDR6X | 1,008 GB/s | 16,384 | 4th Gen | 450W | ~£1,650 | Reference-class AI GPU |
| GPU | VRAM | Bandwidth | CUDA Cores | Tensor Gen | TDP | ~UK Price | AI Suitability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RTX 5070 12GB | 12 GB GDDR7 | 672 GB/s | 6,144 | 5th Gen | 250W | ~£600 | Faster than 4070S; same VRAM ceiling |
| RTX 5070 Ti 16GB | 16 GB GDDR7 | 896 GB/s | 8,960 | 5th Gen | 300W | ~£800 | Strong update on 4070 TiS |
| RTX 5080 16GB | 16 GB GDDR7 | 960 GB/s | 10,752 | 5th Gen | 360W | ~£1,050 | Fast but VRAM capped at 16GB |
| RTX 5090 32GB | 32 GB GDDR7 | 1,792 GB/s | 21,760 | 5th Gen | 575W | ~£2,100 | Maximum consumer AI capability |
| GPU | VRAM | Bandwidth | Stream Processors | Architecture | TDP | ~UK Price | AI Suitability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RX 7900 XTX 24GB | 24 GB GDDR6 | 960 GB/s | 6,144 (96 CU) | RDNA 3 | 355W | ~£760 | Good ROCm support; CUDA gap remains |
| RX 9070 XT 16GB | 16 GB GDDR6 | 640 GB/s | 4,096 (64 CU) | RDNA 4 | 304W | ~£550 | Best AMD value; ROCm mature on RDNA 4 |
| GPU | VRAM | Bandwidth | Compute Units | Architecture | TDP | ~UK Price | AI Suitability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arc A770 16GB | 16 GB GDDR6 | 560 GB/s | 32 Xe-cores (4,096 ALU) | Alchemist | 225W | ~£270 | Excellent VRAM/price; OpenVINO inference |
| Arc B580 12GB | 12 GB GDDR6 | 456 GB/s | 20 Xe2-cores (2,560 ALU) | Battlemage | 190W | ~£240 | Best VRAM-per-pound; edge inference ideal |
Your GPU is only as useful as the software that runs on it. The AI framework ecosystem is the most underweighted factor in GPU purchasing decisions, and it materially affects how much friction you will encounter setting up and maintaining AI workloads.
For a developer getting started with local AI for the first time, the CUDA ecosystem advantage is significant. A new NVIDIA GPU will work with Ollama, ComfyUI, and most HuggingFace examples without any additional configuration. The same workloads on AMD or Intel require reading platform-specific documentation, adjusting environment variables, and occasionally debugging library mismatches.
This gap has narrowed considerably through 2024 and 2025. AMD RDNA 4 with ROCm 6.x is a genuinely usable AI platform for most diffusion and LLM inference workloads. Intel Arc is the stronger choice for production inference endpoints and edge deployments via OpenVINO, but less suited to the exploratory and rapidly-evolving community tooling ecosystem.
The ROCm and OpenVINO ecosystems are strategically important. Both AMD and Intel are investing heavily to close the gap with CUDA, and both platforms will improve over the 2026–2028 cycle. Buyers comfortable with some initial configuration overhead can save significantly by choosing AMD, particularly the RX 9070 XT 16GB at approximately £550 versus the RTX 4070 Ti Super at £720.
The charts below show approximate indicative UK street pricing and the derived cost per gigabyte of VRAM. Cost per GB of VRAM is a useful shorthand for AI purchasing decisions: a low number means you are getting more memory headroom per pound spent.
Colour indicates GPU series. 8 GB cards are highlighted in amber as they are below the recommended floor for most AI workloads. Indicative data; verify before purchasing.
Memory bandwidth drives LLM token generation speed. Cards below 300 GB/s will be noticeably slow for real-time inference on 7B+ parameter models.
Approximate street prices based on observed UK retail through mid-2025. Prices vary by retailer, availability, and over time. RTX 5000-series cards may exceed MSRP where supply is constrained. Always confirm current pricing.
Summarising all technical and pricing analysis into a practical decision table. Each recommendation is based on the optimal balance of VRAM, bandwidth, ecosystem maturity, and price for the stated use case.
Edge CV, security systems, basic object detection. The workload is trivial for any modern GPU. Choose based on power efficiency and CUDA availability.
IDE AI assistants, local model testing, AI-assisted debugging. 8GB acceptable but 16GB is more comfortable for pulling and running model variants.
Running 7B–14B coding models (Qwen2.5-Coder, DeepSeek-Coder) as primary AI development assistant. Bandwidth matters more than VRAM capacity here.
SDXL, ComfyUI workflows, Flux.1 Schnell, multiple LoRA combinations. 16GB covers most workflows; 24GB needed for Flux.1 Dev at full precision.
Flux.1 Dev at full precision, CogVideoX, Wan 2.1 video generation, commercial multi-model pipelines. 24GB is a practical minimum; 32GB removes friction.
Running 30B–70B parameter models, large-scale RAG, embedding pipelines. For 70B+ models, cloud GPU instances are usually more cost-effective than local hardware.